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Princess Sirindhorn Neutron Monitor project
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Neutron monitors, first developed by the late J. A. Simpson at the University of Chicago in about 1948, are the best way to study GeV-energy cosmic rays (e.g., energetic particles from space) as a function of time. These are very stable detectors set up in various locations around the world, to take advantage of the Earth’s magnetic field as an energy-selective magnetic spectrometer. With only minimal maintenance, such a detector can provide valuable scientific information for decades.
Thailand (along with Burma and eastern India) is in a unique location, at the Earth’s magnetic equator and close to the offset dipole center. Therefore, a neutron monitor at high altitude in Thailand would provide new, unique, and important scientific information about high-energy cosmic rays. [Note that a “neutron” monitor measures secondary neutrons cased by the collisions of primary cosmic ray ions into the Earth’s atmosphere, so they really measure the cosmic ray ion flux.]
In addition to basic astrophysical interest, time variations in the cosmic ray count rate are closely related to solar storms that can disable satellites and radio communications near Earth. Neutron monitor data can help give advanced warning of such “space weather” effects at Earth, as explained in previous research in Thailand [Ruffolo, D. 1999, Astrophysical Journal, 515, 787; Leerungnavarat, K., Ruffolo, D., and Bieber, J. W. 2003, Astrophysical Journal, 593, 587].
A high altitude is very important – the counting rate, and hence the scientific benefits, decrease exponentially with increasing atmospheric pressure (i.e., atmospheric overburden). Therefore, a location near the summit of Doi Inthanon (Thailand's highest mountain) is highly desirable.
For more information on neutron monitors, visit the Bartol Research Institute Neutron Monitor Program
See also their English language summary of the Princess Monitor.
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Photos of installation of 43 tons of lead and polyethylene during February 24 - March 1, 2007
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